Hadoti Circuit of Rajasthan

Hadoti Circuit of Rajasthan

Covers Bundi, Kota, Jhalawar, Baran, Badoli, Darrah Wildlife Sanctuary, Sitabari, Bhainsrodgarh, Buddhist Caves Stupas, Gagron Fort, Jhalarpatan, Ren Basera, Menal, Bijolia, Keshoraipatan...

Hadoti Circuit : The Hadoti region is a treasure house of ancient relics, waiting to be explored. Traced along the Chambal river, the area is sprinkled with prehistoric cave paintings, beautifully carved temples and formidable forts.

The little town of Bundi nestles in a picturesque valley.

Isolated and independent, the township is like a miniature painting, frozen in stone through the ages. The Bundi palace is one of the finest examples of Rajput architecture. Intricate carving and amazing frescoes lend the palace an irresistible charm. Taragarh Chitrasala, Sukh Mahal and Shikar Burj are definitely places worth a visit. The elaborate step-wells of Bundi also are very well known.

Kota is fascinating blend of medieval grandeur and modern industrialization. The fort, overlooking the Chambal river and housing a museum, has elaborately painted chambers and is a prime attraction. Jag Mandir, Brij Vilas Palace, Umed Bahwan Palace and Brij Raj Bhawan are other prominent edifices of the 18th & 19th century.

Sheetleshwar Mahadev Chandrabhaga, Jhalarpatan

84 Pillared Cenotaph, Bundi

Sukh Mahal, Bundi

Fort, Kota

Kota, with its irrigation and hydel electricity projects, atomic power stations and a host of other industrial units has now transformed itself into the industrial capital of Rajasthan.

Jag Mandir Kota

Jhalawar, the lend of the Jhalas, was created in 1838. A culturally rich area, its surroundings are dense forests and exotic wildlife. Situated on the edge of the Malwa plateau, it excels in the cultivation of citrus fruits and red poppy. A large fort located in the centre of the city now houses district offices. So,e portions of the fort have beautiful paintings and exquisite mirror work. Other places of interest are the Sun temple and the Chandrabhaga group of temples at Jhalarpatan and the magnificent Gagron fort.

BUNDI

Jag Mandir, Kota

HOW TO GET TO BUNDI

Air: Jaipur 206 kms. is the nearest airport.

Rail: Kota 36 kms. is the most convenient rail head.

Road: Good road connection link Bundi with all important places. National Highway No.12 passes through the town.

LESSER - KNOWN DESTINATIONS AROUND

KESHORAIPATAN

LOCATION: Keshoraipatan was called ' Patan' in the ancient times and it was ruled by king Ranti Dev. Keshoraipatan is one of the oldest cities whose past can be traced to ancient times when it was a religious centre. The city witnessed many ups and downs and its archaeological remains reflect its past glory. In "Chhatrasal's Charitra" a book written by Vishwanath, it has been mentioned that Keshoraipatan was a place known as 'Jambu Marg Dham'. This name is also found in Harivansh Purana and Vayu Purana .

MAIN ATTRACTIONS: Keshoraipatan is famous for its temple known by the same name. It was renovated by Rao Raja Chhatrasala (1631-1658) of Bundi. The temple stands beautifully on the plains against the backdrop of clear blue sky, amid a sylvan setting with the river Chambal flowing silently nearby. It is so perfect in its design and construction that the temple remains safe even during the monsoons, when the Chambal is in spate.

Palace & City, Bundi

Keshavraiji Temple, Keshoraipatan

Temple Complex, Menal

Keshoraipatan becomes a 'mini-Pushkar' on the night of the full moon in the month of Kartika. Early in the morning, the banks of the river Chambal witness a colourful scene of men and women, clad in fantastic costumes mirrored in the crystal clear waters of the river 'Charmanyavati' or Chambal. Women float lighted diyas (lamps prepared by them from flour dough), into the river and seek boons.

The temple and the scenic beauty arrest the attention of visitors and speak of its grandeur and glory in silence.

BIJOLIA

Shivaji Temple, Bijolia 50 kms. on the Bundi-Chittaurgarh road, in Bhilwara district, is the old fort and city of Bijolia. In ancient times it was known as Vindhyavali. During the Chauhan period, it became a famous centre for art and architecture. Several beautiful Shiva temples were constructed by the Chauhan rulers on this place. Most of the temples have either disappeared or are in ruins today. On the eastern side of the town near the city wall, there are three beautiful temples. Prominent amongst them is Hajaresvara Mahadeva temple. It has a high linga surrounded by hundreds of small lingas and hence called Hajaresvara or Sahastralinga. The temples of Mahakala and Baijnath are also well known. The temple of Undeshwar Mahadeva is also well known. Near by Mandakini Kund is a holy water tank. Bijolia inscription dating back V.E. 1226 is very important because it through a new light on the early history of the Chauhan dynasty.

MENAL

70 kms. on the road from Chittaurgarh to Bundi lies Menal, in the district of Chittaurgarh. A place full of natural beauty, Menal is famous for its ancient Shiva temples, picturesque water falls and dense forests. The word Menal is derived from mahanal, a great chasm or cleft. Menal was a centre of art and architecture during the Chauhan period. Chauhan rulers of this region were followers of Shaivism and because of their patronage Menal became a great centre of Shaivism. The magnificent temple of Mahanaldev, named after this place was built in or around 10th or 11th century A.D. and is famous for its architecture. Menal is mentioned as a place of pilgrimage in the Bijolia rock inscription dating V.S. 1226 (1170 A.D.) After the region of Chauhans. Menal came under the Guhilas of Mewar.

JHALAWAR

HOW TO GET TO JHALAWAR

Air: Nearest airport is Jaipur - 325 kms.

Rail : Disembark at Kota, then proceed to Jhalawar by taxi or bus (87 kms.)

Road: Situated on National Highway No.12. Some important distances are Jaipur 335 kms., Ajmer 292 kms., Kota 87 kms., Bundi 123 kms., Delhi 590 kms., Bhopal 265 kms.

LOCATIONS: Jhalawar or the land of the 'Jhalas' is situated in the south-eastern region of Rajasthan. Jhalawar district is known for the Chandrabhaga fair, celebrated every year in the month of Kartik (Oct-Nov) on the banks of the Chandrabhaga river. An air of celebration pervades the whole area not thousands of people take a holy dip in the river on Kartik Purnima (full moon). Traders from as far as Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra assemble here and brisk trading takes place. The fair provides ample opportunities to the tourists to acquaint themselves with the people of this region, their culture and traditions.

KOLVI CAVES

One gets to see prehistoric cave paintings, formidable forts, forests and exotic wild life. Jhalawar is also a heaven for numerous species of birds. The red poppy fields (wherever permitted) add a special colour to the countryside while the orange-laden-orchards are a rich and delightful sight to behold.

Ren Basera Cottage, Jhalawar

Sun Temple, Jhalarpatan

Natyashala, Jhalawar

REN BASERA

6 kms. further away is a beautiful wooden cottage, located on the banks of the Kishan Sagar, to the west of the Jhalawar. The most interesting fact is that it was originally built by the forest Research Institute, Dehradun and was put on view at an exhibition in Lucknow in 1936. The Maharaja took a fancy to it, brought it, had a dismantled, transported and erected at the present site.

JHALARPATAN

Another 6 kms. away, Jhalarpatan, 'the city of bells', is quite unique. It was believed to have been built basically to protect the trade caravans as Patan happened to be a junction of caravan routes. The pride of Jhalarpatan is the 10th century Surya (Sun) temple (Padam Nath Temple). The idol of Surya and the lovely sculptures on this massive temple are impressive. The 11th century Shantinath Jain temple is known for its fine murals and sculptural richness.Jhalarpatan is famous for the ruins of beautiful temples, artistic creations, exquisite sculptures and other elegant specimens of architecture. A magnificent 10th century Sun Temple (Padam Nath Temple) is the major attraction of the city. The idol of surya and some splendid sculptures are very impressive. The 11th century Shantinath Jain temple is also famous for its fine murals and artistic richness.

GAGRON FORT

This impregnable fort was the capital of Khichi Chauhans and has a glorious history of valour and sacrifice.the foundation of this magnificent fort was laid in or around 7th or 8th century A.D. It is surrounded on three sides by the waters of Ahu and Kali Sindh rivers and is and ideal example of a Jaldurg. Outside the fort is the mausoleum of a Sufi saint, Mitte Shah where a fair is held every year during the Islamic month of Ramzan.

BUDDHIST CAVES AND STUPAS

About 95 kms away, the ancient Buddhist caves, located in and around village of Kolvi are of great importance. A colossal figure of Buddha and the carved Stupas are some of the highlights of these caves.

Gagron Fort, Jhalawar Kolvi Caves, Jhalawar Kolvi Caves, Jhalawar

KOTA

HOW TO GET TO KOTA

Kota Palace, Kota Air: Jaipur 245 kms is the most convenient airport to Kota.

Rail: Lying on the Delhi-Mumbai route, Kota is will served by regular and fast rail services.

Road: A good network of road connections including National Highway No. 12 links Kota with many important cities in and outside the state. Some notable distances are : Udaipur, 270 kms; Bundi 40 kms; Delhi 504 kms; Ahmedabad, 522 kms & Jaipur 245 kms.

LESSER - KNOWN DESTINATIONS AROUND KOTA

BHAINSRODGARH

LOCATION: Bhainsrodgarh, in Chittaurgarh district, is picturesquely situated on the confluence of the Bamany and Chambal rivers, around 110 kms east of Chittaurgarh.

HISTORY: Not much is known of history of Bhainsrodgarh. According to Col. Td, the place derived its name from a merchant called Bhainsa called Roda and the fort was built to protect caravans during that period. Others say that the village and fort were constructed by named after a mahajan (money lender) called Bhainsa Shah, Probably a servant of the Chauhan Kings. Who ruled over Sambhar and Ajmer .

MAIN ATTRACTIONS: Amongst the various places of interest there is a ruined fort situated on a steep cliff. It overlooks the sole passage which stretches for many a mile across the Chambal.

Ghateshwar Temple, Badoli

Ornate Carvings at Lakulish Temple, Jhalarpatan

Porch of Ghateshwar Temple, Badoli

Another picturesque spot is a magnificent waterfall of the river Chambal, about 60 ft. in height. It is located in Chulia village.

Apart from these, there are various old Hindu temples. Amongst these, the temple called Ghateshwar Shivalaya, dedicated to Lord Shiva, indeed a remarkable one. The temple which, resembles in form the contemporary temples of Orissa, was built by the ruler of Bhainsrodgarh named Huna. It has a plain base, ornamented only with three great niches filled with sculptured groups of considerable merit, all referring to the worship of Shiva. The spire of the temple rises to a height of 18 mts. from the ground and is most elaborately carved. The temple has an elegantly designed pillared portico and is sculptured with images of passionate lovers. The design and construction of the roof of the temple is a beautiful specimen of Hindu architecture.

Besides this, the other objects of interest include a detached porch called the Singar Cahori or Nupital hall of Raja Hun, the shrines of Ganesh , Asht Mata Trimurty, Narad and two pillars.

BADOLI

Exquisite Carving at Badoli Temple 48 kms. on the way to Pratap Sagar dam lies one of the oldest and most spectacular temple complexes in Rajasthan, going back to the 9th century A.D. It was built a little before the classical period of temple building. The principal temple is of Ghateshwar Mahadeva. It is protected by a walled by a enclosure where one comes across archaeological remains, sculptures, carved ornamented pillars, etc. The craftsmanship seen here is stunning. The carvings and the figure of Shiva as the cosmic dancer, Nataraja, on the door of the sanctum are bewitching. There are also many other interesting shrines in the vicinity.

DARRAH WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

A thickly wooded forest, along the south-eastern border of Kota, adjacent to the mountain range, is the former royal hunting reserve. It has been converted into a wildlife sanctuary where panthers, spotted deer, wild boar, and bear live without any threat to their lives.

SITABARI

120 kms. away and situated near the village of Kelwara in Baran district, Sitabari is a beautiful picnic spot. The old temples of Sita and Laxman besides seven water tanks are worth a visit. Every year a tribal fair is held in the months of May / June.

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National Sport brings National Shame

Not long ago we were proud of our national game the reasons are varied : it helps in bringing medal in Olympics, as only in this game we dominate, it has truly national character and players from various parts of India bring laurels, this game give us some of the great players of world, the popularity and legends are such that we often talk about incidents when Dhyanchand's hockey stick was broken to check whether it has some magnet and Hitler inviting him to join his army, the incidents of beating US with huge world record margins but now the condition arises that we have to play to qualify for Olympics and sadly we loss to England in Santiago and hence in 80 years history our team is not even playing in the Olympic, leave alone winning any medal.
Now its time for introspection what makes Indian hockey fall to just an extent now we have an opportunity to imbibe the spirit of Chak De India in the Indian Hockey as from here one can only rise and can't fall further.
The reason for this debacle should be carefully analysed and should not make it come and go, those who are responsible should be get rid off and you know when in our country every year year governments change every frw months minister change and every few days administrators change how one person still continuing for such a long period of 14 years and the irony is that still he is not taking blame on himself but asking for time and making pity reasons for loss and saying that he not have instant coffee machine so dear sir in 14 long years even Birbal's khicri become prepared what are you doing all these years and in your tenure India has not won a single Olympic medal; well having said I will also blame the people who lavishly spending money on Cricket and forget altogether their national sport even government also seems to keep blind eye toward this game, and no one is taking responsibility for such a sorry state of Indian Hockey and this can be reflected in the website of IHF which is there only for namesake, have a look at that http://ihf.gov.in/ .
So either government should change the national game or take some concrete steps to bring back the Golden days of Indian Hockey

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EO Exam Result

EO Exam conducted by RPSC has been declared on Saturday by RPSC and is available in Rajasthan Patrika Sunday Edition.

RAS result : not declared yet !

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IWD : 08 March

ABOUT INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S DAY

International Women's Day has been observed since in the early 1900's, a time of great expansion and turbulence in the industrialized world that saw booming population growth and the rise of radical ideologies.

1908
Great unrest and critical debate was occurring amongst women. Women's oppression and inequality was spurring women to become more vocal and active in campaigning for change. Then in 1908, 15,000 women marched through New York City demanding shorter hours, better pay and voting rights.

1909
In accordance with a declaration by the Socialist Party of America, the first National Woman's Day (NWD) was observed across the United States on 28 February. Women continued to celebrate NWD on the last Sunday of February until 1913.

1910
At a Socialist International meeting in Copenhagen, an International Women's Day of no fixed date was proposed to honour the women's rights movement and to assist in achieving universal suffrage for women. Over 100 women from 17 countries unanimously agreed the proposal. 3 of these women were later elected the first women to the Finnish parliament.

1911
Following the decision agreed at Copenhagen in 1911, International Women's Day (IWD) was honoured the first time in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland on 19 March. More than one million women and men attended IWD rallies campaigning for women's rights to work, vote, be trained, to hold public office and end discrimination. However less than a week later on 25 March, the tragic 'Triangle Fire' in New York City took the lives of more than 140 working women, most of them Italian and Jewish immigrants. This disastrous event drew significant attention to working conditions and labour legislation in the United States that became a focus of subsequent International Women's Day events. 1911 also saw women's 'Bread and Roses' campaign.

1913-1914
On the eve of World War I campaigning for peace, Russian women observed their first International Women's Day on the last Sunday in February 1913. In 1914 further women across Europe held rallies to campaign against the war and to express women's solidarity.

1917
On the last Sunday of February, Russian women began a strike for "bread and peace" in response to the death over 2 million Russian soldiers in war. Opposed by political leaders the women continued to strike until four days later the Czar was forced to abdicate and the provisional Government granted women the right to vote. The date the women's strike commenced was Sunday 23 February on the Julian calendar then in use in Russia. This day on the Gregorian calendar in use elsewhere was 8 March.

1918 - 1999
Since its birth in the socialist movement, International Women's Day has grown to become a global day of recognition and celebration across developed and developing countries alike. For decades, IWD has grown from strength to strength annually. For many years the United Nations has held an annual IWD conference to coordinate international efforts for women's rights and participation in social, political and economic processes. 1975 was designated as 'International Women's Year' by the United Nations. Women's organisations and governments around the world have also observed IWD annually on 8 March by holding large-scale events that honour women's advancement and while diligently reminding of the continued vigilance and action required to ensure that women's equality is gained and maintained in all aspects of life.

2000 - 2007
IWD is now an official holiday in Armenia, Russia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan and Vietnam. The tradition sees men honouring their mothers, wives, girlfriends, colleagues, etc with flowers and small gifts. In some countries IWD has the equivalent status of Mother's Day where children give small presents to their mothers and grandmothers.

The new millennium has witnessed a significant change and attitudinal shift in both women's and society's thoughts about women's equality and emancipation. Many from a younger generation feel that 'all the battles have been won for women' while many feminists from the 1970's know only too well the longevity and ingrained complexity of patriarchy. With more women in the boardroom, greater equality in legislative rights, and an increased critical mass of women's visibility as impressive role models in every aspect of life, one could think that women have gained true equality. The unfortunate fact is that women are still not paid equally to that of their male counterparts, women still are not present in equal numbers in business or politics, and globally women's education, health and the violence against them is worse than that of men.

However, great improvements have been made. We do have female astronauts and prime ministers, school girls are welcomed into university, women can work and have a family, women have real choices. And so the tone and nature of IWD has, for the past few years, moved from being a reminder about the negatives to a celebration of the positives.

Annually on 8 March, thousands of events are held throughout the world to inspire women and celebrate their achievements. While there are many large-scale initiatives, a rich and diverse fabric of local activity connects women from all around the world ranging from political rallies, business conferences, government activities and networking events through to local women's craft markets, theatric performances, fashion parades and more.

Many global corporations have also started to more actively support IWD by running their own internal events and through supporting external ones. For example, on 8 March search engine and media giant Google even changes its logo on its global search pages. Corporations like HSBC host the UK's largest and longest running IWD event delivered by women's company Aurora. Last year Nortel sponsored IWD activities in over 20 countries and thousands of women participated. Nortel continues to connect its global workforce though a coordinated program of high-level IWD activity, as does Accenture both virtually and offline. Accenture supports more than 2,000 of its employees to participate in its International Women's Day activities that include leadership development sessions, career workshops and corporate citizenship events held across six continents - in eight cities in the United States and in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Spain, South Africa and the UK. Accenture also coordinated am IWD webcast featuring stories about Accenture women worldwide that ran uninterrupted for 30 hours across 11 time zones via Accenture's intranet. Year on year IWD is certainly increasing in status. The United States even designates the whole month of March as 'Women's History Month'.

So make a difference, think globally and act locally !! Make everyday International Women's Day. Do your bit to ensure that the future for girls is bright, equal, safe and rewarding.

For IWD events and other details visit : http://www.internationalwomensday.com.

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CDS : Syllabus, Scheme and Standard of Exam

A. Scheme of Examination

1. The Competitive examination comprises:

(a) Written examination.

(b) Interview for intelligence and personality test (vide Part 'B' of this Appendix) of such candidates as may be called for interview at one of the Services Selection Centres.

2. The subjects of the written examination, the time allowed and the maximum marks allotted to each subject will be as follows:

(a) For Admission to Indian Military Academy, Naval Academy and Air Force Academy.

Subject	Duration	Maximum Marks
1. English	2 Hours	100
2. General Knowledge	2 Hours	100
3. Elementary Mathematics	2 Hours	100

(b) For Admission to Officers' Training Academy

Subject	Duration	Maximum Marks
1. English	2 Hrs	100
2. General Knowledge	2 Hrs.	100

The maximum marks allotted to the written examination and to the interviews will be equal for each course i.e. the maximum marks allotted to the written examination and to the interviews will be 300,300,300 and 200 each for admission to the Indian Military Academy, Naval Academy, Air Force Academy and Officers' Training Academy respectively.

3. The papers in all the subjects will consist of objective type questions only. The question papers (test booklets) of general knowledge and elementary mathematics will be set in bilingually in Hindi as well as English .

4. In the question papers, wherever necessary, questions involving the metric system of Weights and Measures only will be set.

5. Candidates must write the papers in their own hand. In no circumstances will they be allowed the help of a scribe to write answers for them.

6. The Commission have discretion to fix qualifying marks in any or all the subjects of the examination.

7. The candidates are not permitted to use calculator for answering objective type papers (Test Booklets). They should not therefore, bring the same inside the Examination Hall.

B. Standard and Syllabus of the Examination

Standard

The standard of the papers in Elementary Mathematics will be of Matriculation level.

The standard of papers in other subjects will approximately be such as may be expected of a graduate of an Indian University.

Syllabus

English (Code No. 01)

The question paper will be designed to test the candidates' understanding of English and workmanlike use of words.

General Knowledge (Code No. 02)

General Knowledge including knowledge of current events and of such matters of everyday observation and experience in their scientific aspects as may be expected of an educated person who has not made a special study of any scientific subject. The paper will also include questions on History of India and Geography of a nature which candidate should be able to answer without special study.

Elementary Mathematics (Code No. 03)

Arithmetic

Number System-Natural numbers, Integers, Rational and Real numbers. Fundamental operations addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, Square roots, Decimal fractions.

Unitary method-time and distance, time and work, percentages, applications to simple and compound interest, profit and loss, ratio and proportion, variation.

Elementary Number Theory- Division algorithm. Prime and composite numbers. Tests of divisibility by 2,3,4,5,9 and 11. Multiples and factors. Factorisation Theorem. H.C.F. and L.C.M. Euclidean algorithm, Logarithms to base 10, laws of logarithms, use of logarithmic tables.

Algebra

Basic Operations, simple factors, Remainder Theorem, H.C.F., L.C.M. Theory of polynomials, solutions of quadratic equations, relation between its roots and coefficients (Only real roots to be considered). Simultaneous linear equations in two unknowns-analytical and graphical solutions. Simultaneous linear equations in two variables and their solutions. Practical problems leading to two simultaneous linear equations or inequations in two variables or quadratic equations in one variable & their solutions. Set language and set notation, Rational expressions and conditional identities, Laws of indices.

Trigonometry

Sine x, cosine x, Tangent x when 0⁰ < x < 90⁰

Values of sin x, cos x and tan x, for x = 0⁰, 30⁰, 45⁰, 60⁰ and 90⁰

Simple trigonometric identities.

Use of trigonometric tables.

simple cases of heights and distances.

Geometry

Lines and angles, Plane and plane figures, Theorems on (i) Properties of angles at a point (ii) Parallel lines, (iii) Sides and angles of a triangle, (iv) Congruency of triangles, (v) Similar triangles, (vi) Concurrence of medians and altitudes, (vii) Properties of angles, sides and diagonals of a parallelogram, rectangle and square (viii) Circles and its properties including tangents and normals, (ix) Loci.

Mensuration

Areas of squares, rectangles, parallelograms, triangle and circle. Areas of figures which can be split up into these figures (Field Book), Surface area and volume of cuboids, lateral surface and volume of right circular cones and cylinders, surface area and volume of spheres.

Statistics

Collection and tabulation of statistical data, Graphical representation frequency polygons, histograms, bar charts, pie charts etc. Measures of central tendency.

Intelligence and personality test

In addition to the interview the candidates will be put to Intelligence Tests both verbal and non-verbal, designed to assess their basic intelligence. They will also be put to Group Tests such as group discussions, group planning, outdoor group tasks, and asked to give brief lectures on specified subjects. All these tests are intended to judge the mental calibre of a candidate. In broad terms, this is really an assessment of not only his intellectual qualities but also his social traits and interests in current affairs.

For more details visit :

Appendix I- Scheme, standard and syllabus

Appendix II- General Instructions

Appendix III- List of Post Offices where Application forms are available

Appendix IV-Special Instructions for conventional Type of papers

Appendix V- Guidelines with regard to Physical Standards for Candidates for Combined Defence Services Examination.

Appendix VI - Brief Particulars of service etc.

For NDA Syllabus and Scheme of Exam Visit :

1. NDA

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NDA : Syllabus and Scheme of Examination

A. Scheme of Examination

1. The subjects of the written examination, the time allowed and the maximum marks allotted to each subject will be as follows :–

Subject	Code	Duration	Maximum Marks
Mathematics	01	2-½ Hours	300
General Ability Test	02	2-½ Hours	600
			Total 900

2. The papers in all the subjects will consist of objective type questions only. The question papers (Test Booklets) OF MATHEMATICS AND PART "b" OF GENERAL ABILITY TESTS WILL BE SET BILINGUALLY IN HINDI AS WELL AS ENGLISH.

3. In the question papers, wherever necessary, questions involving the metric system of Weights and Measures only will be set.

4. Candidates must write the papers in their own hand. In no circumstances will they be allowed the help of a scribe to write answers for them.

5. The Commission have discretion to fix qualifying marks in any or all the subjects at the examination.

6. The candidates are not permitted to use calculator or Mathematical or logarithmic table for answering objective type papers (Test Booklets). They should not therefore, bring the same inside the Examination Hall.

B. Syllabus of the Examination

Paper-I
Mathematics
(Code No. 01)
(Maximum Marks - 300)

1Algebra :
Concept of a set, operations on sets, Venn diagrams. De Morgan laws. Cartesian product, relation, equivalence relation.

Representation of real numbers on a line. Complex numbers - basic properties, modulus, argument, cube roots of unity. Binary system of numbers. Conversion of a number in decimal system to binary system and vice-versa. Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic progressions. Quadratic equations with real coefficients. Solution of linear inequations of two variables by graphs. Permutation and Combination. Binomial theorem and its application. Logarithms and their applications.

2.Matrices and Determinants:

Types of matrices, operations on matrices Determinant of a matrix, basic properties of determinant. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix, Applications - Solution of a system of linear equations in two or three unknowns by Cramer's rule and by Matrix Method.

3.Trigonometry:

Angles and their measures in degrees and in radians. Trigonometrical ratios. Trigonometric identities Sum and difference formulae. Multiple and Sub-multiple angles. Inverse trigonometric functions. Applications - Height and distance, properties of triangles.

4.Analytical Geometry of two and three dimensions:

Rectangular Cartesian Coordinate system. Distance formula. Equation of a line in various forms. Angle between two lines. Distance of a point from a line. Equation of a circle in standard and in general form. Standard forms of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola. Eccentricity and axis of a conic.

Point in a three dimensional space, distance between two points. Direction Cosines and direction ratios. Equation of a plane and a line in various forms. Angle between two lines and angle between two planes. Equation of a sphere.

5.Differential Calculus:

Concept of a real valued function - domain, range and graph of a function. Composite functions, one to one, onto and inverse functions. Notion of limit, Standard limits - examples. Continuity of functions - examples, algebraic operations on continuous functions. Derivative of a function at a point, geometrical and physical interpreatation of a derivative - applications. Derivatives of sum, product and quotient of functions, derivative of a function with respect of another function, derivative of a composite function. Second order derivatives. Increasing and decreasing functions. Application of derivatives in problems of maxima and minima.

6.Integral Calculus and Differential equations:

Integration as inverse of differentiation, integration by substitution and by parts, standard integrals involving algebraic expressions, trigonometric, exponential and hyperbolic functions. Evaluation of definite integrals - determination of areas of plane regions bounded by curves - applications.
Definition of order and degree of a differential equation, formation of a differential equation by examples. General and particular solution of a differential equation, solution of first order and first degree differential equations of various types - examples. Application in problems of growth and decay.

7. Vector Algebra :_

Vectors in two and three dimensions, magnitude and direction of a vector. Unit and null vectors, addition of vectors, scalar multiplication of vector, scalar product or dot product of two-vectors. Vector product and cross product of two vectors. Applications-work done by a force and moment of a force, and in geometrical problems.

8.Statistics and Probability :-

Statistics: Classification of data, Frequency distribution, cumulative frequency distribution - examples Graphical representation - Histogram, Pie Chart, Frequency Polygon - examples. Measures of Central tendency - mean, median and mode. Variance and standard deviation - determination and comparison. Correlation and regression.

Probability : Random experiment, outcomes and associated sample space, events, mutually exclusive and exhaustive events, impossible and certain events. Union and Intersection of events. Complementary, elementary and composite events. Definition of probability - classical and statistical - examples. Elementary theorems on probability - simple problems. Conditional probability, Bayes' theorem - simple problems. Random variable as function on a sample space. Binomial distribution, examples of random experiments giving rise to Binominal distribution.

Paper-II
General Ability Test
(Code No. 02)

(Maximum Marks-600)

Part 'A' - ENGLISH (Maximum Marks 200). The question paper in English will be designed to test the candidate's understanding of English and workman like use of words. The syllabus covers various aspects like : Grammar and usage, vocabulary, comprehension and cohesion in extended text to test the candidate's proficiency in English.

Part 'B' - GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

(Maximum Marks-400)

The question paper on General Knowledge will broadly cover the subjects : Physics, Chemistry, General Science, Social Studies, Geography and Current Events.

The syllabus given below is designed to indicate the scope of these subjects included in this paper. The topics mentioned are not to be regarded as exhaustive and questions on topics of similar nature not specifically mentioned in the syllabus may also be asked. Candidate's answers are expected to show their knowledge and intelligent understanding of the subject.

Section 'A' (Physics)

Physical Properties and States of Matter, Mass, Weight, Volume, Density and Specific Gravity, Principle of Archimedes, Pressure Barometer.

Motion of objects, Velocity and Acceleration, Newton's Laws of Motion, Force and Momentum, Parallelogram of Forces, Stability and Equilibrium of bodies, Gravitation, elementary ideas of work, Power and Energy.

Effects of Heat, Measurement of temperature and heat, change of State and Latent Heat, Modes of transference of Heat.

Sound waves and their properties, Simple musical instruments.

Rectilinear propagation of Light, Reflection and refraction. Spherical mirrors and Lenses. Human Eye.

Natural and Artificial Magnets, Properties of a Magnet, Earth as a Magnet.

Static and Current Electricity, conductors and Non-conductors, Ohm's Law, Simple Electrical Circuits, Heating, Lighting and Magnetic effects of Current, Measurement of Electrical Power, Primary and Secondary Cells, Use of X-Rays.

General Principles in the working of the following :

Simple Pendulum, Simple Pulleys, Siphon, Levers, Balloon, Pumps, Hydrometer, Pressure Cooker, Thermos Flask, Gramophone, Telegraphs, Telephone, Periscope, Telescope, Microscope, Mariner's Compass; Lightening Conductors, Safety Fuses.

Section 'B' (Chemistry)

Physical and Chemical changes. Elements, Mixtures and Compounds, Symbols, Formulae and simple Chemical Equations, Law of Chemical Combination (excluding problems). Properties of Air and Water.

Preparation and Properties of Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Carbondioxide, Oxidation and Reduction.

Acids, bases and salts.

Carbon - different forms.

Fertilizers - Natural and Artificial

Material used in the preparation of substances like soap, Glass, Ink, Paper, Cement, Paints, Safety Matches, and Gun-Powder.

Elementary ideas about the Structure of Atom, Atomic, Equivalent and Molecular Weights, Valency.

Section 'C' (General Science)

Difference between the living and non- living.

Basis of Life - Cells, Protoplasms and Tissues.

Growth and Reproduction in Plants and Animals.

Elementary knowledge of human Body and its important organs.

Common Epidemics, their causes and prevention.

Food - Source of Energy for man. Constituents of food, Balanced Diet.

The Solar System - Meteors and Comets, Eclipses.

Achievements of Eminent Scientists.

Section 'D' (History, Freedom Movement etc.)

A broad survey of Indian History, with emphasis on Culture and Civilisation.

Freedom Movement in India.

Elementary study of Indian Constitution and Administration.

Elementary knowledge of Five Year Plans of India.

Panchayati Raj, Co-operatives and Community Development.

Bhoodan, Sarvodaya, National Integration and Welfare State, Basic Teachings of Mahatma Gandhi.

Forces shaping the modern world; Renaissance, Exploration and Discovery; War of American Independence. French Revolution, Industrial Revolution and Russian Revolution. Impact of Science and Technology on Society. Concept of one World, United Nations, Panchsheel, Democracy. Socialism and Communism. Role of India in the present world.

Section 'E' (Geography)

The Earth, its shape and size. Lattitudes and Longitudes, Concept of time. International Date Line. Movements of Earth and their effects.

Origin of Earth. Rocks and their classification; Weathering - Mechanical and Chemical, Earthquakes and volcanoes.

Ocean Currents and Tides

Atmosphere and its composition; Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure, Planetary Winds, cyclones and Anti-cyclones; Humidity; Condensation and Precipitation; Types of Climate. Major Natural regions of the World.

Regional Geography of India - Climate, Natural vegetation. Mineral and Power resources; location and distribution of agricultural and industrial activities.

Important Sea ports and main sea, land and air routes of India. Main items of Imports and Exports of India.

Section 'F' (Current Events)

Knowledge of Important events that have happened in India in the recent years.

Current important world events.

Prominent personalities - both Indian and International including those connected with cultural activities and sports.

NOTE :

Out of maximum marks assigned to part 'B' of this paper, questions on Sections 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E' and 'F' will carry approximately 25%, 15%, 10%, 20%, 20% and 10% weightages respectively.

Intelligence and personality test

In addition to the interview the candidates will be put to Intelligence Tests both verbal and non-verbal, designed to assess their basic intelligence. They will also be put to Group Tests such as group discussions, group planning, outdoor group tasks, and asked to give brief lectures on specified subjects. All these tests are intended to judge the mental caliber of a candidate. In broad terms, this is really an assessment of not only his intellectual qualities but also his social traits and interests in current affairs.

For more details visit :

Examination Notice No.

Appendix I- Scheme, standard and syllabus

Appendix II- General Instructions

Appendix III- List of Post Offices where Application forms are available

Appendix IV-Special Instructions to candidates for objective type tests

Appendix V- Physical Standards for Candidates

Appendix VI- Brief Particulars of service

for CDS related news click here

for CDS Syllabus and Scheme of Exam click here

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Rajasthan GK : RAS Mains

PAPER II. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE OF RAJASTHAN,RAJASTHANI SOCIETY, ART & CULTURE

1. Geography and Natural Resources -
(a) Broad Physical Features : Topography, Climate, Vegetation and Soil Regions, Rivers, Mountains, Lakes, Natural divisions, Geographical regions.
(b) Natural Resources : Mines and Minerals, Forest, Land and Water, Wild life and Conservation, Environmental Ecology.
(c) Livestock and Fisheries, Breed, Population, Regional Distribution, Cattle Fairs.
(d) Human Resources, Population problem, Unemployment, Poverty, Drought and Famines.
(e) Energy Problems and Conventional and Non-conventional sources of energy.

2. Agriculture & Industry - Food and Commercial Crops, Agriculture based Industries. Major and Minor Irrigation & River Valley Projects. Projects for the development of the desert and waste land, Indira Gandhi Canal Project. Growth and location of Industries, Industrial raw materials. Mineral Based Industries, Large, Small and Cottage Industries, Rajasthani Handicrafts.

3. Economic Development and Planning - Various Economic Plans. Programmes and Institutions for development, Co-operative movement, Small Enterprises and Financial Institutions, Various indicators of Economic development.

4. History, Polity, Art & Culture - History & Culture of Rajasthan with special reference to :

1. The mediaeval background.
2. Socio-economic life and organizations.
3. Freedom Movement and Political awakening.
4. Political Integration.
5. Music, dance & theatre.
6. Religious beliefs, cults, saints, poets and warrior saints 'Lok Devta', 'Lok Deviyan'.
7. Handicrafts.
8. Fairs and Festivals, Customs, Dresses & Ornaments. With special reference to fold and tribal aspects thereof.

5. Literature - Rajasthani Language, Dialects and their regions, History of language and literature, famous writers, poets and their works with special reference to folk-lore.

Books :

1. Rochak Rajasthan by Dr Chaudhary
   
2. Geography of Rajasthan by Bhalla
   
3. Economy of Rajasthan by Laxminarayan Nathuramka (latest edition)
   
4. History of Rajasthan by JS Gahlot
   
5. Rajasthan ki Sanskrtik Paramparayen by Jaysingh Niraj
   
6. books by Partiyogita Darpan
   
7. books by Upkar
   
8. books by Lakshya : Lakshya series
   
9. books by Navrang Rai's Shekhawati Publication
   
10. Rajasthan Aaj Tak by Pushpa Sharma
    

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RPSC Exam for Junior Marketing Officer

RPSC will be conducting exam for 84 posts of JMO ( Junior Marketing Officer ) in the payscale of 5500-175-9000 ,
Qualification : Graduation with Economics or BSc (Agri. )
Last Date of Filling Exam Form : 11 April 2008


for advt visit : http://rpsc.gov.in/tenders/JMO_ADVT.pdf

www.CompetitionExam.com

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BUDGET HIGHLIGHTS

BUDGET HIGHLIGHTS

* New tax slabs will be: 10 per cent for 150,000 to 300,000, 20 per cent for 300,000 to 500,000 and 30 per cent above 500,000.
* For women, the income tax limit goes up from Rs 1.45 lakh to Rs 1.80 lakh. In case of senior women citizens, it increases from Rs 1.95 lakh to Rs 2.25 lakh.
* Fresh facilities, encouragement to sports and guest houses exempted from Fringe Benefit Tax.
* Five year tax holiday for setting up hospitals in tier II and tier III regions for providing healthcare in rural areas from April 1, 2008.
* Changes in IT slab. Threshold of exemption for all Income Tax assesses raised from from 1,10,000 to 1,50,000.
* Every income tax assesses to get relief of minimum of Rs 4,000.
* No change in rate of surcharge.
* Five year tax holiday for promoting cultural tourism.
* Short-term capital gains increases to 15 per cent.
* Commodities Transaction Tax to be introduced on the lines of Securities Transaction Tax.
* Agricultural loans given by scheduled commercial banks, regional rural banks and cooperative credit institutions up to March 31, 2007 and due for December 31 that year will be covered under the waiver scheme to address the problem of indebtedness.
* No change in corporate income tax.
* Banking cash transaction tax withdrawn from April one, 2009.
* Direct tax proposals to be revenue neutral. Indirect tax proposals to result in loss of Rs 5,000 crore.
* Rs 500 crore for corpus fund to subsidies all women Self Help Groups for LIC cover for permanent disability.
* To protect tigers, Rs 50 crore for National Tiger Conservation Programme. Bulk of it to be used to raise Tiger Protection Force.
* Plan expenditure fixed at Rs 2,43,000 crore and non plan expenditure at 5,74,000 crore.
* Fiscal deficit pegged at 3.1 per cent and revenue deficit at 1.4 per cent.
* Tax to GDP ratio increased from 9.2 per cent in 2004-05 to 12.5 per cent 2007-08.
* No change in peak rate of customs duty
* Customs duty on specified life saving drugs reduced from ten per cent to five per cent.
* Special Countervailing Duty on power imports.
* General Centvat on all goods to be reduced from 16 per cent to 14 per cent. Excise duty reduced from 16 per cent to eight per cent on all pharmaceutical goods manufacture.
* Excise duty on small cars reduced to 12 per cent from 16 per cent and hybrid cars to 14 per cent.
* Excise duty reduced from 16 to 8 per cent on water purification items.
* Duty on non filter cigarettes to be raised.
* Asset management service under mutual funds, services by stock exchanges to be brought under Services Tax net.
* Customs duty on specified sports goods machinery down from 7.5 per cent to five per cent.
* Duty withdrawn on naptha for production of polymers.
* Duty on crude and unrefined sulphur reduced from five to 2 per cent to help raise domestic fertiliser production.
* Threshold for small service providers raised from Rs eight lakh to Rs 10 lakh.
* Allocation for defense to be increased by 10 per cent from Rs 96,000 crore to Rs 1,05,600 crore.
* 75 lakh people to be covered by health insurance scheme.
* Allocation for Textile Upgradation Fund to be more than doubled.
* Micro, small and medium enterprises to continue to get special attention.
* Risk Capital Fund to be set up in SIDBI.
* PAN requirement to be extended to all transactions in capital market subject to a threshold.
* Rs 750 crore for upgradation of 300 ITIs in 25 districts.
* Rs 32,676 crore as subsidy to Public Distribution System.
* PDS through smart cards in Haryana and Chandigarh on pilot basis.
* Three schemes to be introduced for providing social security to unorganised sector workers.
* Sixth central pay commission to submit report by March 31, 2008.
* Rs 624 crore allocated for Commonwealth Games
* Farmers' debt to be waived
* Complete waiver of loans for marginal farmers owning land up to one hectare and small farmers owning land up to 1 and 2 hectares.
* Agricultural loans given by scheduled commericial banks, regional rural banks and cooperative credit institutions up to March 31, 2007 and due for December 31 that year will be covered under the waiver scheme to address the problem of indebtedness.
* By loan waiver scheme, the country is discharging a deep debt and sense of gratitude to farmers, says Chidambaram.
* The corpus of rural infrastructure development fund to be raised to Rs 14,000 crore.
* More reforms needed in coal and electricity sectors to ensure double digit growth in manufacturing sector.
* One time settlement of loans for other farmers.
* Agriculture loans restructured and rescheduled by banks from 2004-06 and other loans normally rescheduled under RBI guidelines will also be eligible under the waiver scheme.
* Implementation of debt waiver and debt relief will be completed by June 30 this year.
* Loan waiver scheme to involve loans liability of Rs 60,000 crore and to benefit four crore farmers.
* Rs 800 crore for accelerated power reforms programme.
* National Fund for Transmission and Distribution Reforms to be launched.
* The loan waiver scheme will benefit three crore small and medium farmers and cover loans totaling Rs 50,000 crore.
* One crore other farmers will benefit to the tune of Rs 10,000 crore in the waiver.
* Foreign investment of 3.5 to 8 billion dollars expected for exploration and development of new oil blocks.
* Rs 7,200 crore to be allocated to the Ministry of Women and Child Development, marking an increase of 24 per cent.
* Rs 500 crore for corpus fund to subsidies all women Self Help Groups for LIC cover for permanent disability.
* A target of Rs 2.80 lakh crore for agriculture credit set for the coming year.
* Rs 644 crore for National Agriculture Insurance Scheme, which will be continued pending evolving an alternative crop insurance scheme.
* National Plant Protection Training Institute at Hyderabad to be made autonomous body and Rs.29 crore will be allocated to it.
* A scheme of debt waiver and relief for small and marginal farmers announced.
* NREGA scheme to be rolled out in all the 596 rural districts in the country in 2008-09.
* Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission to get Rs 6,865 crore this year against Rs 5,482 crore past year.
* Allocation for Rajiv Gandhi Drinking Water Mission to be increased to Rs 7,300 crore. Rs 200 crore for potable water in schools.
* Rs 300 crore to be set aside for desalination plant in Chennai for drinking water.
* Rs 500 crore for identifying urgent needs of development programmes of border areas like Arunachal Pradesh.
* Rs 20,000 crore for irrigation projects under AIPB, showing an increase of Rs 9,000 crore over last year.
* National Horticulture Mission to be given Rs 1,100 crore in 2008-09 with special focus on coconut cultivation.
* Rs 75 crore to be given to Agriculture Ministry for providing mobile soil testing laboratories in 250 districts.
* SC, ST and minority students to continue to get special attention.
* Allocation for several schemes in North East raised from Rs 14,365 crore to Rs 16,400 crore.
* Rs 75 crore sanctioned for Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship Programme for SC/ST students pursuing M.Phil.
* Rs 230 crore will be extended as additional equity to developmental organisations looking after the welfare of SC,ST, socially and economically backward classes and minorities.
* Allocation for Minority Affairs Ministry to be doubled from Rs 500 crore to Rs 1,000 crore.
* Rs 540 crore for multi-sectoral development plan for minority concentration districts.
* 288 public sector bank branches to be opened in districts having minority community concentration.
* Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan will be provided Rs 13,100 crore, Mid Day Meal scheme Rs 8,000 crore, Secondary education Scheme Rs 4,554 crore.
* 410 additional Kasturba Gandhi Vidyalaya to be set up in backward blocks.
* Navodaya Vidyalayas to be opened in 20 districts with special focus on regions having SC/ST concentration.
* Allocation of Rs 130 crore for this purpose. Rs.750 crore more to be given for merit scholarship to students up to 10th and 12th class.
* Mid day Meal scheme extended to upper primary level in 3479 schools. 16 central universities to be opened in 2008-09.
* Three IITs to be set up in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar and Rajasthan.
* Schools of architecture and planning in Bhopal and Vijaywada. More institutes of higher education to be opened.
* Rs 100 crore to be given to Information Technology Ministry to set up national knowledge centres.
* Allocation for NRHM increased to Rs 12,050 crore
* Rs 992 crore for national AIDS programme.
* A national programme for the elderly to be started at a cost of Rs. 400 crore.
* Rashtra Swasthya Beema Yojana to start from April one in Delhi and Haryana. Rs 30,000 for each family belonging to unorganised sector.
* Allocation for ICDS increased to Rs 6300 crore.
* Rs 85 crore sanctioned for scholarships to students pursuing science education.
* Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research to be set up at Bhopal and Thiruvananthapuram.
* Agriculture credit doubled in the first two years of the government to reach Rs.2.40 lakh crore by March 2008.
* Eleventh Plan started on a robust growth.
* Gross budgetary support to be raised to Rs 2,43,386 crore, an increase of more than Rs 38,000 crore from the current level.
* Services and manufacturing sectors expected to grow by 10.7 per cent and 9.4 per cent, says Chidambaram.
* Keeping inflation under check is one of the cornerstones of the Government's policy.
* Rice production estimated at 94.08 million tones, maize 16.78 mt, soyabean 9.45 mt and cotton 23.38 million bales.
* Allocation for Bharat Nirman to be raised to Rs 31,280 crore.
* Twenty per cent hike in education budget this year from Rs 28,674 crore to Rs 34,400 crore.
* GDP growth slows down to 8.4 per cent during quarter ended December 31, 2007 as compared to 9.1 per cent a year ago.
* Economy grew over eight per cent over 12 successive quarters since 2005, says Finance Minister P Chidambaram.
* Growth rate of agriculture estimated at 2.6 per cent during the current year.

Budget Trivia :
The first budget of Independent India was presented on November 26, 1947 by India's first Finance Minister Sir R.K. Shanmugham Chetty. Since then, 28 Union Finance Ministers have been presenting the budget every year. Initially, much attention was given to the agricultural sector but as later on, the focus shifted to the other sectors including the industrial, financial and other sectors.

In the fifties, budget highlights were related to the public sector and public finance which include taxation, inflation, public savings etc. This trend continued till 1985.

The change in approach began with Mr. Manmohan Singh who was the Finance Minister under Mr. P.V. Narsimha Rao. He started the new phase of economic liberalization. The control of the Government over public sector units was reduced through disinvestment. The liberalization process which he had started still continues.

Facts Bite

• First Finance Minister: Shanmugham Chetty
• Number of Finance Minister Since Independence: 28
• Maximum Number of Budgets Presented by: Morarji Desai
• Economic Liberalization Started by: Mr. Manmohan Singh ( Finance Minister 1991)
• Current Finance Minister: Mr. P.C Chidambaram

source : indiabudget.nic.in, indiademocracy.org etc.

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